Technical - CRYSTALLINE COATING TECHNOLOGY

CRYSTALLINE COATING TECHNOLOGY, ALKALI SILICA REACTION (ASR), FREEZING – THAWING, CARBONATION, CORROSION, SILANE SILOXANE, SODIUM HYDROXIDE,

This blog explains about the Crystalline Coating Technology:

Technical - Notch trowel for tile adhesive application

How to know the size of the trowel? Manufacturer shall maintain the tolerance of Types of trowels and probable converge they provide: What do standard says  What size trowel for which tiles? How much adhesion is required for tile / stone AS3958 guidelines regarding the minimum trowel size to use when fixing different size tiles. 200 x 200mm tiles – use a 8mm notched trowel 250 x 250mm tiles – use a 10mm notched trowel 300 x 300mm tiles – use a 12mm notched trowel 400 x 400mm and larger size tiles – use a 12mm notched trowel + back buttering of tile The standard says to maintain the min contact coverage of the tile adhesive to both the tile and the substrates are as follows: Internal residential walls - 65%

Residential floors – 80% Commercial and Industrial walls – 80% Commercial and Industrial floors, Wet Areas, External Walls, decks and roofs, and Swimming Pools – 90% Different types of adhesive bed thickness: Fine bed – 1-2 mm thickness of adhesive after installation – say 2mm  Thin bed – Up to 3 mm thickness of adhesive after installation – say 3mm Thick bed – 3 -12 mm thickness of adhesive after installation – say 7mm IS 15477  Trowel has to be held at 45 – 50 Deg angle. Of course this will be the easy to handle the trowel and holding 90 Deg to the surface is difficult also. So…….

This Blog explains about:

How to know the size of the trowel?

Types of trowels and probable converge they provide:

What do standard says - What size trowel for which tiles?

How much adhesion is required for tile / stone

Different types of adhesive bed thickness:

Which trowel size for which bed thickness of adhesive?

How to apply adhesive?
Advantage of using Notch Trowel

Advantage of using Notch Trowel:

1. Easy to identify the lumps, in case of poor mixing process.

2. Easy to apply – no skilled worker is required.

3. Maintains the uniform thickness in one shot.

4. When adhesive has ribs, it allows to easy path to escape the entrapped air.

5. Increase the coverage – as there will be no wastage while application.

6. Maximum bond between the tile / stone and to the substrate can be achieved.

7. By knowing the trowel holding technique – one trowel can be used to maintain different thickness.

8. Avoids the lippage problem.

Many thanks to google.com, YouTube, TKB and doc88.com from where the details were gathered.

Technical - Cracks in RCC Slabs / beams

This blogs explains about the cracks in RCC Slabs:

Case No 1: Flexural Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 2: Shear Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 3: Torsional Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 4: Corrosion Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 5: Shrinkage Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 6: Sliding Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Case No 7: Tension Cracks in Reinforced Concrete beam / slabs:

Let us understand the different or special kind cracks in zoom view:

Crazing cracks:

Crazing is fine cracking close to the surface due to shrinkage of the surface layer of concrete, e.g., due to a lack of a sufficient curing. The cracks are usually only a few millimetres deep.

Drying / shrinkage cracks:

Cracks due to the reduction of the entire concrete’s volume caused by shrinkage (of the entire cross section) in combination with a hindered structure, e.g., large slab. Usually the cracks run through the entire cross section.

Voids below the reinforcing bars:

Cracks run parallel to rebars close to the surface.

Cracks due to external loading: These are the cracks due to the Bending loads, Shear loads, Axial tension loads and Splitting tension, tried to explain below:

Technical - MEASUREMENT OF WET FILM THICKNESS by Notch Gauges ASTM D 4414

This blog explains about the measurement of WET FILM THICKNESS as per ASTM D 1212 & ASTM D 4414, ASTM D 823 with reference of Elcometer and zehntner instruments.

Let's see the video:

STANDARDS (applicable to both standard and coil coating wet film wheels):ASTM D 1212-A, AS/NZS 1580.107.3, BS 3900-C5-7A, ISO 2808-1B, ISO 2808-7A, JIS K 5600-1-7, NF T30-125

Lets us see the video:
STANDARDS: Elcometer 112AL, 112 & 3236 Hexagonal Wet Film Combs: ASTM D 4414-A, AS/NZS 1580.107.3, BS 3900-C5-7B, ISO 2808-1A, ISO 2808-7B, JIS K 5600-1-7, NF T30-125, US NAVY PPI 63101-000, US NAVY NSI 009-32 Elcometer 115 Wet Film Combs: ASTM D 4414-A, AS/NZS 1580.107.3, BS 3900-C5-7B, ISO 2808-1A, ISO 2808-7B, JIS K 5600-1-7, NF T30-125, US NAVY PPI 63101-000, US NAVY NSI 009-32 Elcometer 3238 Long Edge Wet Film Combs:ASTM D 4414-A, AS/NZS 1580.107.3, BS 3900-C5-7B, ISO 2808-1A, ISO 2808-7B, JIS K 5600-1-7, NF T30-125, US NAVY PPI 63101-000, US NAVY NSI 009-32 Elcometer 154 Plastic Wet Film Combs:BS 3900-C5-7B, ISO 2808-1A, ISO 2808-7B, JIS K 5600-1-7, NF T30-125