DIGITAL LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING

Here are few points related to DIGITAL LAND SURVEYING AND MAPPING:

Test No 1:

1. Types of control stations are     

(a) 1 

(b) 2 

(c) 3 

(d) 4 

Ans.  (c )  

2. Large scale representation of the surface of the earth is called

(a) Plan

(b) Map 

Ans. (a)

3. The most fundamental line of a surveying is 

(a) Horizontal Line

(b) Vertical line

(c) Level line

(d) Plumb line 

Ans. (d) 

4. Number of basic principle of surveying is  

(a) 1 

(b) 2 

(c) 3 

(d) 4

Ans. (b)  

5. Control stations is obtained through 

(a) Astronomical observations

(b) GPS surveying

(c) Total station 

(d) Conventional method of surveying. 

Ans. (b)

6. Usually, largest errors in measurements are

(a) Gross error

(b) Systematic error

(c) Random error 

Ans. (a)

7. GPS user segment consists of  

(a) Satellites

(b) Signal

(c) Receiver 

Ans. (c ) 

8. Most important component of GPS signal is

(a) Code

(b) Carrier

(c) Navigational data 

Ans. ( c )

9. For user, most relevant segment of GPS architecture is 

(a) Space segment

(b) Control segment 

(c) User segment  

Ans. (c ) 

10. Civil signal which provides most accurate position is 

(a) C/A 

(b) L1

(c) L2C 

(d)  L5  

Ans. (b)  

Test No 2:

1. ____is not a component of all GPS receiver 

(a) Antenna 

(b) Controller 

(c) Receiver Hardware 

(d) Tripod stand

Ans.  (d )  

2.____provides most precise estimation of position.  

(a) Commercial software

(b) Scientific software

(c) Real time software

Ans. (b)

3. Data for most precise position may be obtained from

(a) Autonomous static method

(b) Relative static method 

(c) DGPS method

(d) RTK method 

Ans. (b) 

4. DGPS is a relative positioning method in which radio communication is required for

real-time transmission of error messages. 

(a) True 

(b) False.

Ans. (a)  

5. All GPS receivers are capable of deciphering 

(a) PRN Code. 

(b) Carrier frequency 

Ans. (a)

6. GPS receivers provide data in

(a) Open format

(b) Receiver independent format

(c) Receiver dependent format 

Ans. (c)

7. GPS provides WGS84 coordinates in 

(a) Cartesian system 

(b) Geodetic system

(c) Either system

(d) Both systems 

Ans. (d ) 

  

8. Engineering project requires

(a) Geodetic height 

(b) Vertical height

(c) Orthometric height 

(d) Geoid height 

Ans. (c )

9. Principle of GPS positioning is 

(a) Resection

(b) Intersection

(c) Analytical resection

(d) Radiation  

Ans. (c ) 

10. Fundamental  type/s of GPS observables used for GPS positioning is/are 

(a) One  

(b) Two

(c) Three  

Ans. (b)  

Test No 3:

1. Type of errors present in GPS observables arising out of GPS system is known as

(a) Gross error; 

(b) Systematic error; 

(c) Random error; 

(iv) Unknown error.

Ans. (b)

2. Different types of errors associated with different types of codes and carrier ranges are 

(a) Equal in ranges from different codes ; 

(b)  Equal for ranges from all carriers ; 

(c)  Unequal in ranges different codes but equal in carrier ranges ; 

(d) Unequal for ranges from all codes as well as that of carriers.

Ans. (d)

3. _______ types of differencing techniques are available for pre-processing of GPS observables.

(a)1; 

(b) 2; 

(c) 3; 

(d) 4.

Ans. (c)

4. Double-differencing provides ________ types of new observables.

(a) 1; 

(b) 2; 

(c) 3; 

(d) 4.

Ans. (b)

5. For GPS positioning, GPS observables are required from at least ----- satellites. 

(a) 2; 

(b) 3; 

(c) 4; 

(d) 5.

Ans. (c)

6. Any GPS positioning requires processing of at least 

(a)  C/A code 

(b) L1 with C/A code 

(c) L2C 

(d) L5. 

Ans. (a) 

7. Estimation of three components of a vector between the reference and rover stations is known as ---------.

(a) Baseline Solution; 

(b) Ranging; 

(c) GPS Positioning; 

(d) GPS timing.

Ans. (a) 

8. In relative positioning, Weighted Least Square method is applied to take into account the

_________ of GPS observables.

(a) Correlation; 

(b) Redundancy; 

(c) Errors; 

(d) Inadequacy.

Ans. (a) 

9. Analysis of GPS network consists of ---------- stages.

(a) 2; 

(b) 3; 

(c) 4; 

(d) 5.

Ans. (b)

10. Network adjustment consists of 

(i) Testing of occurrence of blunders in GPS observables

(ii) Removal of blunders from GPS observables

(iii)Distribution of random error to GPS positions

(iv) Computation of final coordinates

                 Which of these statements are correct?

(a) (i) & (ii); 

(b) (ii) & (iv); 

(c) (i), (ii)& (iii); 

(d) (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv); 

Ans: (d) 

Test No 4

1. For good quality GPS observation, DOP value should be

(a) As large as possible

(b) As little as possible

(c) More than 8

(d) May be of any value. 

Ans. (b)

2. Standards for GPS surveying are 

(a) designated in terms of mean value; 

(b) three types; 

(c) method dependent; 

(d) expressed in metric units.  

Ans. (d)

3. For GPS Positioning: 

(a) Planimetric standard is being expressed in terms of radius of a circle of uncertainty on

a datum surface 

(b) Vertical standard is defined with a linear uncertainty value of the point with respect to

the horizontal datum surface.  

(c) Accuracies/precision of standards are based on 90% confidence interval.

(d) As per FGCS, there are three classes of position standards. 

Ans. (a)  

4. Number of primary axes in a total station is considered to be 

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5 

Ans. (b)

5. Which of these is not a basic component of a total station 

a) Electronic theodolite;

b) EDMI;

c) Telescope;

d) Field computer 

Ans. (c)

6.  Part of total station used for final centering is

a) Optical plummet;

b) Automatic compensator;

c) Telescope;

d) Tripod legs. 

Ans. (a)

7. Microprocessor controls working of a total station through 

a) Measurements

b) Data collector;

c) Control panel;

d) Memory. 

Ans. (c)

8. Automatic collection of data by a total station gets achieved through  

a) Optical collimator;

b) Telescope

c) Reflector

d) Data collector; 

And. (d)

9. For land surveying work using a total station, ________ types of software are required.  

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5 

Ans. (b)

10. Proper handling of a total station consists of 

(a) Lifting total station from its carrying case without grasping the handle or standards

(b) For moving between stations, total station should be transported fixing on the tripod stand.

(c) Total station should be returned to the case loosening all locks. 

(d) After field work, total station should be placed directly in its case. 

Ans. (c)  

Test No 5:

1. EDMI technique that provides more accurate measurement of distance is 

a) Phase shift method;

b) Pulsed laser system 

Ans. (a)

2. Measurement of distance using total station is rampant

a) Using reflector

b) Without reflector. 

Ans. (b)

3. Precision in measurement of angle may be increased by making  

a) One direct measurement only

b) One direct and one reverse measurement only

c) Repetition in measurement 

Ans. (c)

4. In case of measurement of horizontal angle by total station in reverse mode, F.S is taken to the object at the _____________ of the observer.   

(a) Right

(b) Left

(c) Either of the right or the left  

Ans. (b)

5. Total station measures  

a) Horizontal distance

b) Vertical distance

c) Slope distance 

Ans. (c)

6. From direct mode to reverse mode of a total station can be achieved through 

(a) Plunging and swinging of alidade

(b) Plunging and swinging of EDM

(c) Plunging of alidade and swinging of EDM

(d) Plunging of EDM and swinging of alidade 

Ans. (d)

7. Error in measurement in heights may be removed/reduced  

(a) by placing total station near backsight station; 

(b) by placing total station near foresight station;

(c) by placing total station between back sight station and foresight station;

(d) by placing total station anywhere outside the line joining back sight station and foresight 

station; 

Ans. (c)

8. Integer ambiguity is associated with measurement of  

a) Angle

b) Horizontal distance

c) Vertical distance

d) Slope distance 

Ans. (d)

9. Error due to curvature and refraction is given by 0.0675 D, where

(a) error is in metre and D is in kilometre;

(b) error is in millimetre and D is in metre;

(c) both error and D are in metre;

(d) both error and D are in kilometre. 

Ans. (a) 

10. Temporary adjustment of a total station does not consists of 

 (a) Fixing. 

(b) Leveling.

(c) Centering. 

(d) Orientation. 

Ans. (d)

11. Total station provides vertical angle through 

a) direct measurement

b) reduction from measurement

c) computation from measurement

d) deduction from measurement 

Ans. (c)

12. Error in height from total station may be reduced by placing total station 

a) near back sight station;

b) near fore sight station;

c) irrespective of the location of back sight and fore sight stations;

d) in between the back sight and fore sight stations; 

Ans. (d)

13. Errors in measurements from total station may be reduced by taking   

a) measurements in direct mode;

b) measurements in reverse mode;

c) measurements either in direct or in reverse mode;

d) measurements both in direct and in reverse mode; 

Ans. (d)

14. __________ error is not due to lack in permanent adjustment of total station. 

a) Vertical collimation; 

b) Centering;

c) Titling axis;

d) Horizontal collimation. 

Ans. (b)

15. Error in horizontal angle may be caused due to   

a) Vertical collimation;

b) Centering;

c) Titling axis;

d) Eccentricity. 

Ans. (a)

Test No 7

1. Map is the ______ projection of the earth’s surface.

a) Perspective;

b) Orthographic.

Ans. (b)

2. Reconnaissance survey is being carried out in

a) Office;

b) Field;

c) Office followed by field work.

Ans. (c)

3. Clarity, Order, Balance, Contrast, Unity, Harmony are elements of 

a) Map layout;

b) Mapping symbol;

c) Map design.

Ans. (c)

4. LISSCAD, SURFER, CARLSON are some of the software for

(a) processing GPS data

(b) mapping survey data.

(c) processing total station data

Ans. (b)

5.Most important specification/s for topographic map making is/are

a. Scale and contour interval; 

b. Scale; 

c. Contour interval; 

Ans. (a)

6. Most important consideration for preparation of map is

a) Scale;

b) Plotting accuracy;

c) Generalisation of details;

d) Contour interval.

ANS. (a)

7. In 1:10000 scale with plotting dimension 0.2 millimeter, the least dimension of the object that may be plotted is 

a) 2 millimeter 

b) 2 centimeter

c) 20 centimeter

d) 2 meter

Ans. (d)

8. Process of selecting important details and to leave out irrelevant objects during map making is known as

a) Scale;

b) Plotting accuracy;

c) Generalisation of details;

d) Contour interval.

Ans. (c)

9. Accuracy of location and distances for preparation of a map should have confidence level

a) 85%

b) 90% Clarity,

c) 95%

d) 99%

Ans. (c)

10. ____ does not belong to the category of cartographic elements of a map.

a) Grid;

b) Bar scale;

c) Cardinal direction;

d) Legends

Ans. (a)

11. ArcMap is 

a) An independent software for automated mapping;

b) A module of ArcGIS for automated mapping;

c) A CADD software;

d) A design software for automated mapping.

Ans. (b)

12. For making of a map, the operation which is not required for preparation of data is

a) Transformation;

b) Reduction;

c) Conversion;

d) Manipulation.

Ans. (d)

13. Topographic map from planimetric map and contour map need

a) Addition;

b) Superposition;

c) Registration;

d) Orientation. 

Ans. (c)

14. In digital land surveying, establishment of control point does not consider

a) Planning;

b) Data preparation; 

c) Field survey;

d) Processing.

Ans. (b)

15. Digital land surveying conducted in sequence of 

a) Establishment of control point, Collection of field details, Automated mapping;

b) Collection of field details, Establishment of control point, Automated mapping;

c) Establishment of control point, Automated mapping, Collection of field details;

d) Automated mapping, Collection of field details, Establishment of control point.

Ans. (a)

16. Precision of a survey map depends on

a) Dimension of object to be represented;

b) Precision of survey measurement;

c) Plotting dimension;

d) Scale.

Ans. (c), (d).

17. Specification for a map 

(a) is required to provide a set of uniform standards for guiding the production of maps

(b) is defined in terms of accuracy coordinates of points, ground distances and elevations at

the 85% confidence level.

(c) should be mentioned in the legend box of map.

(d) protects map consumer rights 

Ans. (a), (d)

18. Identify the incorrect statements:

a) Automated mapping is common place for map drafting, now-a-days.

b) Most important component of automated mapping is computer hardware.

c) Automated mapping is done by operator making use of mapping software.

d) Automated map is produced by making use of mapping software only.

Ans. (b), (d)

19. Steps for digital map making includes

a) Preparation of grid;

b) Import of cloud of points;

c) Drawing of objects and contours;

d) Taking of printout.

Ans. (a), (b), (c) 

20. Automated mapping consists of different steps in sequence of 

(a) Preparation of grid, Import of data, placing cartographic elements, drawing contours.

(b) Preparation of grid, drawing objects, placing cartographic elements, Import of data;

(c) Preparation of control network, Import of data, drawing objects, drawing contours. 

(d) Preparation of control network, Preparation of grid,  Import of data, drawing objects. 

Ans. (a), (c) 

Test No 8:

1. Quality of raw GPS measurements primarily depend on

(a) Antenna; 

(b) Receiver; 

(c) Field software; 

(d) Instrument set up.  

Ans. (a)

2. Software which provides most accurate GPS positioning is 
(a) Field software; 

(b) Real time processing software; 

(c) Commercial post processing software;

(d)Scientific software.

Ans. (d) 

3. To establish the position of a total station by method of resection, minimum number of known location is 

(a) 1

(b) 2

(c) 3

(d) 4 

Ans. (b) 

4. Least square method for GPS network adjustment consists of ---- broad steps.

(a) 2; 

(b) 3; 

(c) 4; 

(d) 5.

Ans. (b)

5. The standard for GPS Surveying is designated in terms of ------------- of the average of the set of squared differences between data set coordinate values and the true or theoretical  location of the point obtained preferably from an independent source of higher accuracy. 

(a) Standard Deviation; 

(b) Root Mean Square Error; 

(c) Average Deviation from Mean; 

(d) Mean.

And. (b)

6. During planning, design for GPS station network is being carried out in  _______ stages. 

(a) 2; 

(b) 3; 

(c) 4; 

(d) 5.

Ans. (a) 

7. Digital land surveying requires preparation of 

(a) Planimetric map;

(b) Contour map;

(c) Planimetric map and Contour map;

(d) Topographic map. 

Ans. (d)

8. In digital land surveying and mapping, total station is used for 

(a) Establishment of control points;

(b) collection of field data

(c) Reduction of field data 

(d) Preparation of map. 

Ans. (b) 

9. Identical constellation of satellites is available over an observation station in consecutive day also but ------  minutes earlier than the previous day.

(a) 2; 

(b) 3; 

(c) 4; 

(d) 5.

Ans. (c)

10. Methods used for collection of digital field data is 

 (a) Radiation

 (b) Intersection 

(c) Traversing

(d) Resection 

Ans. (a). 

11. (i) GPS Surveying can be carried out without clear line of sight between stations; 

      (ii) GPS Surveying can be carried out at night; 

      (iii) GPS Surveying can be carried out underground; 

     (iv) GPS Surveying can be carried out in poor weather conditions.  

Of these correct statements are: 

(a) (i) & (ii); 

(b) (i), (ii) & (iii); 

(c)(ii), (iii) & (iv); 

(d) (i), (ii) & (iv)

Ans. (a) and (d) 

12. Office software are required to 

     (i) Build an interface between the field and office computers; 

     (ii) Download data from field computer to office computer; 

     (iii) Upload office data/existing map from office computer to field computer; 

     (iv) Process GPS data in real time in field computer;

     (v) Post-process GPS data in office computer. 

Of these correct statements are: 

(a) (i) & (ii); 

(b) (ii) & (iii); 

(c)(iii) & (iv); 

(d) (iv) & (v)

             Ans. (a), (b), (c), (d)

13. Quality of GPS Field Data judged from

(i) Availability of required  pseudo-ranges and phase-observables of all the frequencies of GPS signal; 

(ii) Lower the Signal to noise ratio, better is the quality of signal. 

(iii) Higher is the Occurrence and presence of Cycle slip, better is the quality of signal. 

(iv) Higher the Correlation among different signals, better is the quality of data. 

(a) (i) & (ii); 

(b) (ii) & (iii); 

(c) (iii) & (iv); 

(d) (i) & (iv);

Ans. (d)

14.Establishment of a total station requires 

(a) Location of two station points;

(b) Location of three station points;

(c) Location of two station points and one direction;

(d) Location of one station point and one direction; 

Ans. (a), (d) 

15. Data transformation for digital map making consists of  

a) Local coordinates to global coordinates;

b) Global coordinates to local coordinates;

c) Geodetic heights to orthometric heights;

d) Orthometric heights to geodetic heights. 

Ans. (b), (c).

16.Digital map making consists of preparation of  

a) Planimetric map and contour map;

b) Planimetric map and topographic map;

c) Planimetric map, contour map and topographic map;

d) Planimetric map, contour map followed by their registration; 

Ans. (b), (c), (d).

17. Conditions for most accurate GPS positioning are 

 (a) Static Positioning; 

 (b) Baseline Processing; 

 (c) Broadcast Ephemerides;

 (d) Scientific Software.

Ans. (a), (b), (d)

18. GPS system derives position in ________ coordinates and then, converts it to _________ coordinates.

 (a) WGS84 Geodetic, WGS84 Cartesian;  

 (b) WGS84 Cartesian, WGS84 Geodetic;

 (c) Global Geodetic, Global Cartesian;

 (d) Local Cartesian,  LocalGeodetic.

Ans. (b) 

19.Salient steps for digital land surveying and mapping consists of  

(a) planning

(b) Preparation

(c) data collection

(d) data reduction 

Ans. (a), (c), (d)

20. Salient steps for GPS data processing for establishment of control points are  

(a) Planning  

(b) Preparation

(c) Baseline processing 

(d) Network adjustment  

Ans. (c), (d)

Unit Test No 1:

1).............provides most precise estimation of position.

 Commercial software

 Scientific software

 Real time software

2)DGPS is a relative positioning method in which radio communication is required for real-time

transmission of error messages.

 True

 False.

3)Type of errors present in GPS observables arising out of GPS system is known as

 Gross error

 Systematic error

 Random error

 Unknown error

4) Any GPS positioning requires processing of at least

 C/A code

 L1 with C/A code

 L2C

 L5

5) Network adjustment consists of

(i) Testing of occurrence of blunders in GPS observables

(ii) Removal of blunders from GPS observables

(iii) Distribution of random error to GPS positions

(iv) Computation of final coordinates

Which of these statements are correct? 

 (i) & (ii)

 (ii) & (iv)

 (i), (ii)& (iii)

 (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)

6)...............is not a component of all GPS receiver

 Antenna

 Controller

 Receiver Hardware

 Tripod stand

7) GPS receivers provide data in

 Open format

 Receiver independent format

 Receiver dependent format

8) Engineering project requires

 Geodetic height

 Vertical height

 Orthometric height

 Geoid height

Unit Test No 2:

1)Large scale graphical representation of surface of the earth is called

 Plan

 Map

2)In digital land surveying, control stations are obtained through

 Astronomical Observation

 GPS Surveying

 Total Station

3) Types of control stations are

 2

 3

 4

4) Usually, largest errors in surveying measurements are

 Gross Error

 Systematic Error

 Random Error

5) User segment of GNSS consists of

Satellite

 Signal

 Receiver

6) For user, most relevant segment of GPS architecture is

 Space Segment

 Control Segment

 User Segment

7) The most fundamental line of a surveying is

 Horizontal Line

 Vertical Line

 Level Line

 Plumb Line

8) Component of GPS signal that gets deciphered by all GPS receiver is _____

 C/A code

 P code

 Link-1 phase

 Link -2 phase 

9) Civil signal which provides  least  accurate position is

 C/A

 L1

 L2C

 L5

10) Basic principle of working for land surveying is ________

 Trilateration

 To work from whole to part

 Triangulation

 Resection

Unit Test No 3:

1) ____________ GPS receivers should preferably be used for establishment of control station.

 Dual Code

 Dual Frequency

2) Most accurate method for GPS positioning is

 Static Positioning

 Kinematic Positioning

 Stop & Go Positioning

3) During GPS surveying, in order to set up GPS receiver, parameters required to be set up are

 Cut off Angle

 Epoch of Observation

 Antenna Height

 Accuracy Required

4) The most accurate method of GPS surveying is

 Relative Static

 Rapid Static

 RTK

5) BERNESE GNSS, GAMIT-GLOBK, GYPSY-OASIS, GEONAP are the GPS software belong to the type

 Firmware

 Scientific Softwares

6) DGPS is a relative positioning method in which radio communication is required for real-time transmission of error messages.

 True

 False

7) GPS receivers provide data in

 Open Format

 Receiver Independent format

 Receiver Dependent format

8) GPS provides WGS84 coordinates in

 Cartesian System

 Geodetic System

 Both Systems

 Either System

9) Engineering project requires

 Geodetic Height

 Geoid Height

 Vertical Height

 Orthometric Height

10) Principle of GPS positioning is

 Intersection

 Analytical Resection

 Radiation

 Resection

Unit Test No 4:

1) Type of errors present in GPS observables arising out of GPS system is known as

 Gross error

 Systematic error

 Random error

 Unknown error

2) Different types of errors associated with different types of codes and carrier ranges are

 Equal in ranges from different codes

 Equal for ranges from all carriers

 Unequal in ranges different codes but equal in carrier ranges

 Unequal for ranges from all codes as well as that of carriers

3) _____ types of differencing techniques are available for pre-processing of GPS observables.

 1

 2

 3

 4

4) Double-differencing provides ________ types of new observables.

 1

 2

 3

 4

5) For GPS positioning, GPS observables are required from at least _____ satellites.

 2

 3

 4

 5

6) Any GPS positioning requires processing of at least

 C/A code

 L1 with C/A code

 L2C

 L5

7) Estimation of three components of a vector between the reference and rover stations is

known as _______

 Baseline Solution

 Ranging

 GPS Positioning

 GPS timing

8) In relative positioning, Weighted Least Square method is applied to take into account the

________ of GPS observables.

 Correlation

 Redundancy

 Errors

 Inadequacy

9)

Analysis of GPS network consists of ______ stages.

 2

 3

 4

 5

10) Network adjustment consists of

(i) Testing of occurrence of blunders in GPS observables

(ii) Removal of blunders from GPS observables

(iii) Distribution of random error to GPS positions

(iv) Computation of final coordinates.

Which of these statements are correct? 

 (i) & (ii)

 (ii) & (iv)

 (i), (ii)& (iii)

 (i), (ii), (iii) & (iv)

11) Separation of geoid from reference ellipsoid is known as

 Orthometric height

 Geoidal undulation

 Geodetic height

 Normal height

12) Pre-processing operation is best for identify and removal of cycle slip observations is

 Single Differencing

 Double Differencing

 Triple Differencing

 Linear Combination

13) Which pre-processing observables are best for baseline processing?

 Single Differencing

 Double Differencing

 Triple Differencing

 Linear Combination

14) Height of antenna during GPS surveying is being defined as the distance between

 APC to Antenna Geometric center

 A notch mark on antenna to station location

 APC to station location

 Top point of antenna to station location

15) ______ is considered as the surface of the physical earth.

 Terrain surface of the earth

 WGS84 ellipsoid

 Mean Sea Level surface

 Geoid

16) Errors in GPS Observables are classifies as

 Gross Error

 Systematic Error

 Integer Ambiguity

 Random Error

17) Random errors in GPS Observables are taken care of

 by removing the errors through mathematical models

 by applying theory of error adjustments

 by distributing to different measurement parameters computationally

 by proper planning and execution during GPS surveying

18) The epoch of observation in reference station should be _______ than or equal and that of

duration of observation should be ______ than or equal to that of rover station.

 greater, less

 less, greater

 less, less

 greater, greater

19) Quality of GPS observables may be judged through

 Data Availability

 URA

 DOP

 Data Distribution

20) Quality of GPS field data may be judged through

 SNR Value

 URA

 Correlation coefficient

 Data availability

21) Identify the correct statements:

a.  During collection of observation it is required to keep notes on location and description of the station of observation, station identifier used for file name, description of the monument, instruments used and their identifications, height of antenna and eccentricities in position.

 b. Testing and calibration of GPS receivers, in the laboratory, are not required for any GPS

surveying.

c.  Field observation of GPS surveying consists of initialization, SETTING up GPS RECEIVER and

Observation collection in sequence.

 d. Set-up of GPS receiver consists of setting of an antenna on the station point, connection of

antenna, receiver, and external power/s as well as other accessories

22) Identify the correct statements:

a.  In-situ Data Processing of GPS observation is required to check the adequacy and quality of

GPS observations from each observation session.

b.  Proper planning and efficient execution of operations during GPS surveying is required to

ensure standard outputs. 

 c. GPS field observations contain observation files and corresponding navigational message files 

d. Processing of GPS data consists of five steps in sequence of pre-processing, Control Point

Positioning, Coordinate & Datum transformation, Baseline processing and Quality Analysis.

Unit Test No 5:

1)Precision of a total station depends on its least count of its

 Angle Measurement

 Distance Measurement

2) Which of these is not a basic component of a total station

 Electronic theodolite

 EDMI

 Telescope

 Field computer

3) Microprocessor controls working of a total station through

 Measurements

 Data collector

 Control panel

 Memory

4)For land surveying work using a total station, ________ types of software are required.

 2

 3

 4

 5

5) Number of primary axes in a total station is considered to be ______

 2

 3

 4

 5

6)Number of primary elements that a total station measures is ______.

 2

 3

 4

7) Optical plummet is used for

 Leveling

 Centering

 Orientation

 Focussing

8) During setting operation, final centering is to done _____leveling.

 Before

 After

 Simultaneously

9) Precision of a total station depends on its least count of its

 Angle measurement

 Distance measurement

10) In digital land surveying and mapping, total station is used for

 Establishment of control points

 collection of field data

 Reduction of field data

 Preparation of map

11)Operator controls a total station through

 Micro-processor

 Keyboard

 Software

 EDM

12) Total station collects data automatically using

 Reflector

 Micro-processor

 EDM

 Data collector

13) Standards for GPS surveying

 Designated in terms of standard deviation

 Three types

 Method dependent

 Expressed in metric units

14) Temporary adjustment of a total station does not consists of

 Fixing

 Leveling

 Centering

 Orientation

15) Proper handling of a total station consists of

 Lifting total station from its carrying case by grasping the handle or standards

 For moving between stations, total station should be transported fixing on the tripod stand.

 Total station should be returned to the case tightening all the locks.

 Total station should be kept in its case directly after field works.

Unit Test No 6:

1)Precision in measurement of angle may be increased by making

 One direct measurement only

 One direct and one reverse measurement only

 Repetition in measurement

2) Which of these does Total station measure?
 Horizontal distance
 Vertical distance
 Slope distance

3) From direct mode to reverse mode of a total station can be achieved through
 Plunging and swinging of alidade
 Plunging and swinging of EDM
 Plunging of alidade and swinging of EDM
 Plunging of EDM and swinging of alidade

4) Total station provides vertical angle through
 Direct Measurement
 Reduction from Measurement
 Computation from Measurement
 Deduction  from Measurement

5) Laser beam is not used in total station for
 Measurement of distance
 Measurement of angle
 Centering
 Leveling

6) Distance measured by total station without reflector
 is not advantageous than with reflector;
 is widely prevalent now-a-days;
 will have more range than with reflector;
 is more accurate than with reflector

7) Distance measured by total station with reflector
 provides most precise measurements;
 may have range from 30 to 50 km;
 is based on pulsed laser method;
 may be done for inaccessible targets

8) Which one of these are incorrect:
 Both pulse laser based method and phase shift method are used for reflector based
measurements.
 Pulse laser based measurement has longer range than Phase shift measurement.
 Accuracy in Phase shift measurement is better than Pulse based measurement.
 For longer range, Pulse laser based measurement is faster than Phase shift measurement

9) During measurement, the incident wave or pulse from total station to a reflector should be
 Exactly to the center of prism as the alignment of prism is critical.
 May be within a range of incidence of about 10⁰ to the normal of the front face of the prism.
 May be within a range of incidence of about 20⁰ to the normal of the front face of the prism.
 May be within a range of incidence of about 30⁰ to the normal of the front face of the prism.

10) A total station measures distance using
 Phase shift method
 Pulse laser beam method
 Either by Phase shift method or by Pulse laser beam method
 Both Phase shift method and Pulse laser beam method.

11) In Total station provides horizontal angle after making __________ observation.
 Fore sight
 Back sight
 Either of back sight or fore sight.

12) In case of measurement of horizontal angle by total station in direct mode, B.S is taken to the object at the _____________ of the observer.
 Right
 Left
 Either of the right or the left

13) In case of measurement of horizontal angle by total station in reverse mode, F.S is taken to the object at the _____________ of the observer.
 Right
 Left
 Either of the right or the left

14) From direct mode to reverse mode of a total station can be achieved through
 Plunging and swinging of alidade
 Plunging and swinging of EDM
 Plunging of alidade and swinging of EDM
 Plunging of EDM and swinging of alidade

15) Total station automatically measures
 Altitude Angles
 Horizontal Distance
 Vertical Heights
 Zenith Angles

Unit Test No 7:

1) Automated contouring is done adopting

 Radial line method;

 Grid method

2) Types of errors in any measurements is
 2
 3
 4

3) Error of individual measurement propagates to errors in derived quantities.
 True
 False

4) Error in measurement in heights may be removed/ reduced
 by placing total station near backsight station;
 by placing total station near foresight station;
 by placing total station between back sight station and foresight station;
 by placing total station anywhere outside the line joining back sight station and foresight station

5) In determining the relative height between two stations at long distances, error due _______ need to be considered.
 curvature
 refraction
 either curvature or refraction
 both curvature and refraction

6) Error due to curvature and refraction is given by 0.0673 D2 where
 error is in millimetre and D is in kilometre
 error is in millimetre and D is in metre
 both error and D are in metre
 both error and D are in millimetre

7) Most of the errors arise out of lack in permanent adjustment in total station may be reduced/ minimized through
 both face observations
 by finding out the angle of deviation
 by finding out the tilting axis error
 by finding out the index error

8) The choice of suitable contour interval in a map depends upon __________ principal
considerations.
 3
 4
 5
 6

9) The uniform vertical distance between any two successive contour lines in a map is known as
 Horizontal equivalent
 Contour gradient
 Contour interval
 Slope

10) Uniform steep slope are represented by contours
 closely spaced at equal distance
 closely spaced at irregular distances
 widely spaced at equal distance
 widely spaced at irregular distances

11) A set of closed contours with higher values inside, depicts a
 Pond
 Hill
 Cliff
 Gorge

12)The angle of intersection between a ridge line and a contour is
 0°
 30°
 45°
90°

13)Indicator for quality of any set of measurements is
 Precision
 Relative Precision
 Accuracy
 Standard error

14) 95% confidence interval is associated with______ times the standard error from mean of the 
set of measurements.
 ±1.645
 ±1.960
 ±2.576
 ±0.647

15) To improve the representation of contours in a map, every ______ contour should be made bold.
 Third
 Fourth
 Fifth
 Sixth

16) Errors in total station observations other than instrumental errors are
 Distance Error
 Peripheral Errors
 Natural errors
 Personal errors

17) Method of repetition for measurement of horizontal angle may be adopted to:
a.  for measurement of several horizontal angles from the same instrument station with high
precision
 b. angles are measured successively starting from a point termed as initial station
 c. increase precision
 d. eliminate instrumental errors

18) Assumptions for statistical analysis of random errors are
a.  Frequency of small differences in measurement from the mean value are more than their large differences
b. Differences are equal in frequency on either side of mean value
c.  Large variations are rampant

19) Contour interval of a topographic map
 a. varies directly with the scale of the map
 b. is the vertical distance between any two contour lines
 c. is fixed
 d. represents the accuracy of vertical height

20) Zero error, scale error and cycle error causes error in
 Horizontal Angle
 Vertical Angle
 Horizontal Distance
 Vertical Distance

Unit Test No 8:
1) Symbols to be used for making Indian topographic map should be obtained from
 local authority
 mapping software
 map making agency
 the survey of India

2) If an observation lies within most probable value ± standard error, then the observation is
designated as _______ % uncertain.
 68
 90
 95
 99

3) Based on scale, there are _______ classes of map,
 3
 4
 5

4) Map scale which provides the most accurate measurements is ____ .
 Representative Fraction
 Equivalence Scale
 Graphical Bar Scale

5) Notes, Legends, Scale, North direction, title blocks etc. belong to
 Map design of a map making
 Cartographic elements of a map making
 Map symbols of a map making
 Map layout of a map making


6) Data used for mapping, Scale, Grids, Non-use of proper drafting software and materials are the sources of _______ in map making
 Errors
 Mistakes

7) Inappropriate scale & CI, omitting important notes, inadequate trained personnel are the
sources of ----------- in map making
 Errors
 Mistakes

8) The LISSCAD, SURFER, CARLSON are some of the software for
 Processing total station data
 Processing GPS data
 Mapping survey data

9) Digital land surveying requires preparation of
 Planimetric map
 Contour map
 Planimetric map and Contour map
 Topographic map

10) In digital land surveying and mapping, total station is used for
 Establishment of control points
 Collection of field data
 Reduction of field data
 Preparation of map

11) Errors Data transformation for digital map making consists of
 Local coordinates to global coordinates;
 Global coordinates to local coordinates;
 Geodetic heights to orthometric heights;
 Orthometric heights to geodetic heights.


12) Digital map making consists of preparation of
 Planimetric map and contour map;
 Planimetric map and topographic map;
 Planimetric map, contour mapand topographic map;
 Planimetric map, contour map followed by their registration;


13) Salient steps for digital land surveying and mapping consists of 
 planning
 data collection
 data reduction
 mapping

14) Permitted deviations for measurement of distance L (between points in meters) in  millimetre required for earth work, building and road projects respectively in tertiary control  network are
 ±5√L
 ±7.5√L
 ±10√L
 ±15√L

15) The important factors required to be considered for preparation of surveying maps are
 Scales;
 Plotting accuracy;
 Generalization of details;
 Contour interval.

16) Generalization of details for making of survey map considers:
 a. choice of features in connection with its purpose and the scale of map;
 b. elimination of terrain details that cannot be maintained because of legibility and clarity in the map;
 c. accuracy of map
 d. simplification of the form of terrain details that cannot be omitted but of which a detailed representation would interfere with the image of the map.

17) Specification for a map
 a. is defined in terms of accuracy coordinates of points, ground distances and elevations at the 85% confidence level.
 b. is required to provide a set of uniform standards for guiding the production of maps
 c. should be mentioned in the legend box of map.
 d. protects  map consumer rights

18) Elements for map design consists of 
 Clarity
 Order
 Balance
 Contrast

19) Proper layout of a map should achieve the following
 to fit area appropriately within the sheet;
 to obtain smallest possible scale for map;
 Neat presentation;
 Edges of map sheet coincide with the cardinal directions.

20) Automated mapping consists of different steps in sequence of
 Preparation of grid, Import of data, placing cartographic elements, drawing contours
 Preparation of grid, Import of data, drawing contours, placing cartographic elements
 Preparation of control network, preparation of grid, Import of data, drawing of objects, drawing contours
 Preparation of control network, preparation of grid, Import of data, drawing of objects.

Unit Test No 9:
1) For good quality GPS observation, DOP value should be
 As large as possible
 As little as possible
 More than 8
 May be of any value.

2) Indicator for quality of any set of measurements is
 Accuracy
 Precision
 Relative Precision
 Standard error

3) Indicator for comparison of qualities of different sets of measurements is
 Accuracy
 Precision
 Relative Precision
 Standard error

4) To establish the position of a total station by method of resection, minimum number of known location is
 1
 2
 3
 4

5) GPS surveying provides _______ control points.
 Horizontal
 Vertical
 Three dimensional

6) Quality of raw GPS measurements primarily depend on
 Antenna
 Receiver
 Field software
 Instrument set up

7) Least square method for GPS network adjustment consists of ---- broad steps.
 2
 3
 4
 5

8) The standard for GPS Surveying is designated in terms of ________ of the average of the set of squared differences between data set coordinate values and the true or theoretical location of the point obtained preferably from an independent source of higher accuracy.
 Standard Deviation
 Root Mean Square Error
 Average Deviation from Mean
 Mean

9) During planning, design for GPS station network is being carried out in _______ stages.
 2
 3
 4
 5

10) Identical constellation of satellites is available over an observation station in consecutive day also but ______ minutes earlier than the previous day.
 2
 3
 4
 5

11) Conditions for most accurate GPS positioning are
 Static Positioning
 Baseline Processing
 Broadcast Ephemerides
 Scientific Software

12) Assumptions of the least-squares estimation are that
 observations contain random errors only;
 small errors have a higher probability of occurrence than the large errors;
 frequency distribution of residuals is normal in nature;
 number of observations is large

13) The important factors required to be considered for preparation of surveying maps are
 Scales
 Plotting accuracy
 Generalization of details
 Contour interval

14) Data Office software are required to
(i) Build an interface between the field and office computers;
(ii) Download data from field computer to office computer; 
(iii) Upload office data/existing map from office computer to field computer;
(iv) Process GPS data in real time in field computer;
(v) Post-process GPS data in office computer.

Of these correct statements are: 
 (i) & (ii)
 (ii) & (iii)
 (iii) & (iv)
 (iv) & (v)

15) Quality of GPS Field Data judged from
(i) Availability of required  pseudo-ranges and phase-observables of all the frequencies of GPS signal;
(ii) Lower the Signal to noise ratio, better is the quality of signal.
(iii) Higher is the Occurrence and presence of Cycle slip, better is the quality of signal.
(iv) Higher the Correlation among different signals, better is the quality of data.
 (i) & (ii)
 (ii) & (iii)
 (iii) & (iv)
 (i) & (iv)

16) Data transformation for digital map making consists of
 Local coordinates to global coordinates;
 Global coordinates to local coordinates;
 Geodetic heights to orthometric heights;
 Orthometric heights to geodetic heights.

17) GPS system derives position in ________ coordinates and then, converts it to _______
coordinates.
 WGS84 Geodetic, WGS84 Cartesian
 WGS84 Cartesian, WGS84 Geodetic
 Global Geodetic, Global Cartesian
 Local Cartesian, Local Geodetic

18) Salient steps for GPS data processing for establishment of control points are
 Planning
 Preparation
 Baseline processing
 Network adjustment

19) Digital map making data preparation consists of data
 Measurement
 Transformation
 Reduction
 Manipulation

20) Salient steps for GPS data processing for establishment of control points are
 Planning
 Baseline processing
 Network adjustment
 Quality Analysis

21) Identify the correct statements
a.  To assess quality of GPS surveying outputs, various standards of GPS surveying parameters and different measures are required to be known.
b.  Standards are designated in terms of root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the average of the set of squared differences between data set coordinate values and the true or theoretical location of the point.
c.  Planimetric position standard expressed in terms of radius of a circle of uncertainty on a datum surface and vertical height with a linear uncertainty value.
d. Baseline standards are defined in ppm.