ANSI 118.10 - Waterproofing membrane requirements

ANSI 118.10 specifies about the liquid applied and sheet applied waterproofing membranes requirements and is as follow:

Let me know your comments below...

JC-T 985-2005 for SLC (Self Levelling Compound)

This standard specifies the scope, terms and definitions, classification and marking, requirements, test methods, inspection rules, product marks, packaging, transportation, storage of cementitious self-leveling floor mortar.

The requirement as per JC-T 985-2005 for SLC (Self Levelling Compound) is as follows:

Let me know your comments below...

How much should be the tile joint width?

 

The big question while installing the tile & Stone will be how much shall be the tile joint width?

Let see which standard has provided the answer for this:

A108.19 Interior Installation of Gauged Porcelain Tiles and Gauged Porcelain Tile Panels/Slabs by the Thin-Bed Method bonded with Modified Dry-Set Cement Mortar or Improved Modified Dry-Set Cement Mortar - 2017

17 Workmanship, lippage, and grout joint size: 

           17.2 To accommodate the range in facial dimensions of the tile supplied for a specific project, the actual grout joint size shall be at least three times the actual variation of facial dimensions of the tile supplied. Example: for tile having a total variation of 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) in facial dimensions, a minimum of 3/16 in. grout joint shall be used. In no circumstance shall the grout joint be less than 1/16 in. (1.6 mm). Projects requiring field fabrication may also of necessity require additional variation from the grout joint size specified.

Hence check the Tile & Stone manufacturer's TDS and find out the dimension tolerance. Multiply with 3 and you get the answer in inches, convert it to mm.

If you know any other standard which talks about the tile join width dimension, please comment below. 

What is skydrol?

 

Skydrol is a brand name of fire-resistant hydraulic fluid used in aviation and aerospace applications. It is a phosphate ester-based fluid that is known for its excellent fire resistance and ability to withstand extreme temperature and pressure conditions. It is manufactured by Solutia (now part of Eastman Chemical Company), and formerly manufactured by Monsanto. There are various lines of Skydrol including

1.     Skydrol 500B-4

2.     Skydrol LD-4

3.     Skydrol 5

Skydrol, a type of hydraulic fluid used in aviation, is corrosive to concrete floors primarily due to its chemical composition. Skydrol contains phosphate esters, which can react with the calcium compounds in concrete.

Why it causes damages the concrete floor?

1.  Chemical Decomposition: Skydrol contains phosphate ester-based fluids, which hydrolyze over time, especially in the presence of moisture, forming phosphoric acid. This acid attacks the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel in concrete, leading to its decomposition.

2.     Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR): The acidic byproducts from Skydrol can accelerate the alkali-silica reaction in concrete. This reaction causes the formation of an expansive gel, which can lead to cracking and spalling of the concrete surface.

3.     pH Reduction: The acids formed from Skydrol hydrolysis reduce the pH of the concrete surface. Concrete typically has a high pH due to the presence of calcium hydroxide. Lowering the pH weakens the concrete and can cause dissolution of the cement paste, leading to surface damage and loss of material.

4.     Efflorescence: The reaction between Skydrol and concrete can lead to the formation of soluble salts. When these salts migrate to the surface, they can create a white, powdery deposit known as efflorescence. This not only affects the appearance but can also indicate deeper chemical damage within the concrete.

5.     Surface Softening: The plasticizing effect of Skydrol makes the concrete surface softer and more susceptible to mechanical wear and abrasion. This can lead to faster deterioration under traffic and mechanical loads.

6.     Permeability Increase: Chemical reactions and physical changes induced by Skydrol can increase the permeability of concrete, allowing more aggressive chemicals and water to penetrate deeper into the structure, exacerbating the damage.

 

Why it causes damages the normal epoxy and PU floorings/coatings?

Normal epoxy and polyurethane (PU) floorings are not suitable for areas exposed to Skydrol due to the following reasons:

1. Chemical Resistance:
• Epoxy: While epoxy coatings are generally resistant to many chemicals, they do not have sufficient resistance to the aggressive chemical nature of Skydrol. Skydrol can cause the epoxy to soften, swell, or even blister, leading to rapid degradation of the coating.
• PU: Polyurethane coatings also lack adequate resistance to Skydrol. The phosphate ester components in Skydrol can penetrate and chemically attack the PU material, leading to loss of adhesion, discoloration, and surface breakdown.
2. Hydrolytic Stability:
• Epoxy: Epoxy resins can be prone to hydrolysis in the presence of moisture and certain chemicals. Skydrol's hygroscopic nature can exacerbate this, causing the epoxy to break down more quickly.
• PU: Polyurethane coatings can also suffer from hydrolysis, particularly when exposed to the acidic byproducts formed by Skydrol. This results in the loss of structural integrity and protective properties of the PU coating.
3. Thermal Stability:
• Epoxy: Epoxy coatings can become brittle over time, especially when exposed to thermal cycling. Skydrol can exacerbate this brittleness, leading to cracking and flaking of the epoxy layer.
• PU: Polyurethane coatings can also degrade under thermal stress, particularly when exposed to the temperature fluctuations common in industrial environments. Skydrol can accelerate this degradation process.
4. Mechanical Resistance:
• Epoxy: The mechanical properties of epoxy can be compromised by Skydrol exposure, making it less resistant to impact, abrasion, and wear.
• PU: While PU has good flexibility and mechanical properties, exposure to Skydrol can lead to loss of elasticity and mechanical strength, making the flooring less durable under mechanical loads.
5. Adhesion Loss:
• Epoxy: Skydrol can penetrate through micro-cracks and defects in the epoxy coating, leading to undercutting and loss of adhesion to the concrete substrate.
• PU: Similar to epoxy, polyurethane coatings can lose adhesion due to Skydrol penetration, resulting in peeling and delamination.

Due to these reasons, specialized coatings with enhanced chemical resistance, such as those specifically formulated for aviation hydraulic fluids, are necessary to ensure long-term performance and durability in areas where Skydrol is used.

What kind of epoxy or PU floorings are suitable for Skydrol?

For areas exposed to Skydrol, it is essential to use specially formulated epoxy and polyurethane (PU) floorings that offer enhanced chemical resistance. Here are the types of epoxy and PU floorings suitable for Skydrol exposure:

Epoxy Floorings:

1. Novolac Epoxy:
• Chemical Resistance: Novolac epoxies are highly resistant to a wide range of chemicals, including aggressive solvents and acids. This makes them particularly suitable for environments exposed to Skydrol.
• Thermal Stability: They offer better thermal stability compared to standard epoxies, which helps in maintaining their integrity under varying temperatures.
• Durability: Novolac epoxy coatings provide excellent mechanical properties, including abrasion and impact resistance.
2. High-Build Epoxy Systems:
• Thickness: High-build epoxy systems can provide a thicker protective layer, offering better resistance to chemical penetration and mechanical wear.
• Performance: These systems often incorporate additional chemical-resistant additives to enhance their performance in harsh environments.

Polyurethane Floorings:

1. Aliphatic Polyurethane:
• UV Resistance: Aliphatic polyurethanes offer excellent resistance to UV degradation, making them suitable for both indoor and outdoor applications.
• Chemical Resistance: They provide good resistance to Skydrol and other aggressive chemicals, maintaining their mechanical properties and appearance over time.
• Durability: These coatings are highly durable, with excellent abrasion and impact resistance.
2. Polyaspartic Polyurethane:
• Fast Curing: Polyaspartic polyurethanes cure quickly, reducing downtime during application.
• Chemical Resistance: They offer superior resistance to a wide range of chemicals, including Skydrol, and are less prone to yellowing or discoloration.
• Mechanical Properties: These coatings provide excellent flexibility, toughness, and abrasion resistance.

 Key Features to Look for in Suitable Epoxy and PU Floorings:

1. Enhanced Chemical Resistance: The flooring must be specifically formulated to resist phosphate esters and other aggressive chemicals.
2. High Build Thickness: A thicker application can provide better protection against chemical penetration.
3. Thermal and Mechanical Stability: The flooring should maintain its integrity under thermal cycling and mechanical stress.
4. Adhesion Promoters: Formulations that include adhesion promoters ensure better bonding to the concrete substrate, preventing delamination.
5. Seamless Application: A seamless, monolithic application minimizes joints and cracks where Skydrol can penetrate and cause damage.

 Suitable Products available in the market:

1. Laticrete Spartacote Guard - Superior resistance to punishing industrial traffic, Skydrol and other harsh chemicals. Popular where cleanliness is a must. A logical choice for demanding environments such as aviation hangers, manufacturing and shop floors.
2. Sherwin-Williams ArmorSeal® 1000 HS: A high-solids, novolac epoxy that provides excellent chemical resistance and durability.
3. SikaFloor®-390: A chemical-resistant epoxy coating designed for areas exposed to aggressive chemicals.
4. Mapei Mapefloor™ I 300 SL: A self-leveling, solvent-free epoxy that offers high chemical resistance.
5. BASF MasterTop® 1230: A polyurethane-based flooring system that provides robust chemical resistance and mechanical durability.
6. PPC PUMABOARD: A polyaspartic polyurethane coating with fast curing times and superior chemical resistance.

When selecting a flooring system for areas exposed to Skydrol, it is crucial to consult with manufacturers or suppliers to ensure the chosen product meets the specific requirements of the environment and expected chemical exposure.

This data is taken from the website and the google.

You may give your inputs in the below comment. 

STANDARDS FOR THIN-SET ADHESIVE

What does ANSI 118 says about the thin set tile adhesive:

 ANSI A118.1 Standard Dry-Set Cement Mortar

Thin set mortars that exhibit extended working time will carry the designation “E” (e.g. ANSI A118.1E)

Thin set mortars that exhibit fast setting attributes will carry the designation “F” (e.g. ANSI A118.1F)

Thin set mortars that exhibit non-sag performance on vertical applications will carry the designation “T” (e.g. ANSI A118.1T)

ANSI A118.4 Modified Dry Set Cement Mortar

Thin set mortars that exhibit extended working time will carry the designation “E” (e.g. ANSI A118.4E)

Thin set mortars that exhibit fast setting attributes will carry the designation “F” (e.g. ANSI A118.4F)

Thin set mortars that exhibit non-sag performance on vertical applications will carry the designation “T” (e.g. ANSI A118.4T)

ANSI A118.15 Improved Modified Dry-Set Cement Mortar

The difference in the 28 day shear bond strength: 

Let me know your comments below....

Indian festival - Republic Day

 

annayya.chandrashekar.blogspot.com explains:

Historical Perspective:

The struggle for India's independence from British rule was a long and arduous journey. The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of figures like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Sardar Patel, played a pivotal role in demanding self-rule. The British Government, after years of resistance, finally conceded to India's aspirations, and the Indian Independence Act of 1947 was enacted, leading to the creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan.

Even though India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it did not have a permanent constitution. The country was functioning under the Government of India Act, 1935. The task of drafting a new constitution was assigned to the Constituent Assembly, which was formed in 1946. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, the chief architect of the Indian Constitution, played a key role in drafting this monumental document.

After extensive deliberations and debates, the Constituent Assembly adopted the Constitution on January 26, 1950. This day was chosen to honor the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 when the demand for complete independence was made. The transition from a constitutional monarchy to a democratic republic was complete, making India the largest democracy in the world.

Facts about Republic Day:

1. The Chief Guest: Every year, a foreign dignitary is invited as the Chief Guest for the Republic Day celebrations. This tradition began in 1950, with the first Chief Guest being Indonesian President Sukarno. Over the years, leaders from various countries have graced the occasion, symbolizing India's diplomatic ties.
2. The Parade: The Republic Day Parade in the capital, New Delhi, is a grand spectacle showcasing India's military strength, cultural diversity, and technological advancements. The event takes place on Rajpath, with the President of India taking the salute. The parade includes marching contingents, colorful tableaux, military vehicles, and a spectacular flypast by the Indian Air Force.
3. Beating Retreat Ceremony: The celebrations continue on January 29 with the Beating Retreat ceremony at Vijay Chowk. This ceremony marks the official end of the Republic Day festivities. Military bands from the Army, Navy, and Air Force showcase their musical prowess in this event.
4. Rajpath Decorations: The entire stretch of Rajpath, from Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence) to India Gate, is adorned with intricate decorations and colorful lighting. The beauty of these decorations symbolizes the festive spirit and pride associated with Republic Day.
5. Abrogation of Article 370: In 2019, the government of India took a historic step by abrogating Article 370 and Article 35A of the Indian Constitution, which granted special autonomy to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. This move aimed to integrate the region more closely with the rest of the country.

Present Significance:

Republic Day holds immense significance in the contemporary context of India. It serves as a day of reflection, celebration, and rededication to the principles enshrined in the Constitution. Here are some aspects of its present significance:

1. Constitutional Values: Republic Day is an occasion to reaffirm the commitment to the values and principles laid down in the Indian Constitution. These include democracy, justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Preamble of the Constitution encapsulates these ideals and serves as a guiding light for the nation.
2. Unity in Diversity: India is known for its cultural and religious diversity. Republic Day celebrations emphasize the unity of the nation amidst this diversity. The cultural tableau presented during the parade showcases the rich heritage and traditions of different states, fostering a sense of national unity.
3. Military Strength: The Republic Day Parade is a display of India's military prowess, showcasing advanced weaponry, defense capabilities, and the discipline of the armed forces. This serves as a deterrent to potential external threats and reinforces the country's commitment to safeguarding its sovereignty.
4. International Relations: The presence of a foreign dignitary as the Chief Guest is a diplomatic tradition that underscores India's global standing. It provides an opportunity to strengthen bilateral ties and engage in discussions on mutual interests, fostering international cooperation.
5. Patriotism and National Pride: Republic Day instills a sense of patriotism and national pride among citizens. The flag-hoisting ceremonies, parades, and cultural events across the country evoke a spirit of unity and love for the nation. It is a day when people come together to celebrate their identity as Indians.
6. Social Awareness: Republic Day is often used as a platform to raise awareness about pressing social issues. Various organizations, activists, and individuals use this occasion to highlight issues such as gender equality, environmental conservation, and social justice.
7. Educational Programs: Schools and educational institutions organize special programs and events to educate students about the significance of Republic Day. Debates, quizzes, and cultural activities help in fostering a sense of civic responsibility and awareness about democratic principles.

In conclusion, Republic Day in India is a celebration of freedom, democracy, and national pride. It marks the journey of a nation that transformed from colonial rule to a vibrant, democratic republic. The historical context, coupled with the present significance, makes it a day of reflection and commitment to the ideals that shape the nation's identity. As India continues to evolve and face new challenges, Republic Day serves as a reminder of the values that bind its diverse population into one united and sovereign entity.

What is the difference between Independence day and Republic day?

Independence Day and Republic Day are two distinct national holidays in India, each commemorating different milestones in the country's history. While both celebrations are significant and evoke a sense of patriotism, they mark separate events and have distinct significance. Independence Day marks the day when India achieved freedom from British rule, Republic Day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution and the transition to a democratic republic. Independence Day is associated with the end of colonial rule, while Republic Day focuses on the establishment of a constitutional framework that defines the values and governance structure of the nation. Both days hold immense significance in the history and identity of India, and they are celebrated with great fervour and patriotism across the country.

Independence Day (August 15):

1. Historical Significance: Independence Day marks the day when India gained freedom from British rule. On August 15, 1947, the Indian Independence Act of 1947 came into effect, leading to the creation of two independent nations, India and Pakistan. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, hoisted the national flag at the Red Fort in Delhi, signalling the end of colonial rule.
2. Symbolic Rituals: The main event of Independence Day is the flag-hoisting ceremony, usually conducted by the Prime Minister at the Red Fort in Delhi. The national flag is unfurled, and the Prime Minister addresses the nation. The event is accompanied by cultural programs, parades, and patriotic songs across the country.
3. Freedom and Sovereignty: Independence Day symbolizes the culmination of the struggle for freedom and the establishment of India as a sovereign nation. It is a day to reflect on the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters and to celebrate the hard-fought victory for self-determination.

Republic Day (January 26):

1. Constitutional Foundation: Republic Day, on the other hand, commemorates the adoption of the Constitution of India. On January 26, 1950, the Constitution, which replaced the Government of India Act (1935), came into effect, formally declaring India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic.
2. Transition to Republic: While India gained independence on August 15, 1947, it continued to function as a constitutional monarchy until January 26, 1950. Republic Day marks the official transition from a Dominion within the British Commonwealth to a full-fledged republic, with its own Head of State and a constitution drafted by its own leaders.
3. Symbolism of the Constitution: Republic Day celebrates the values enshrined in the Constitution and emphasizes the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity. The Preamble to the Constitution encapsulates these ideals and serves as a guiding document for the nation.
4. Grand Parade and Cultural Display: The main highlight of Republic Day is the grand parade held in the national capital, New Delhi. The parade showcases India's military strength, cultural diversity, and technological achievements. The event includes marching contingents, tableaux representing different states, and a spectacular flypast by the Indian Air Force.

annayyachandrashekar.blogspot.com requests you to levave your comments below...

 

 

What is the difference between Normal Plastering and Ready Mix Plastering

Me Annayya.Chadnrashekar, explains that Plastering is a pivotal aspect of construction that significantly influences both the aesthetic appeal and structural durability of a building. When it comes to choosing the right plastering method, two distinct approaches stand out: Normal Plastering and Ready Mix Plastering. Each method brings its own set of characteristics, advantages, and considerations to the construction site. In this introduction, we will explore the fundamental differences between normal plastering and ready mix plastering, shedding light on the key factors that influence the choice between these two techniques.

Normal Plastering:

Normal plastering, also known as traditional or on-site plastering, involves the manual mixing of ingredients like sand, cement, and water at the construction site. This method relies on the expertise of skilled laborers to achieve the right consistency and quality for the plaster mix. Normal plastering provides flexibility, allowing adjustments to the mix based on specific project requirements. While offering customization, it typically demands a longer application time and skilled craftsmen to achieve a smooth and uniform finish.

Ready Mix Plastering:

In contrast, ready mix plastering represents a more modern and convenient approach. This method delivers a pre-mixed formulation of sand, cement, and additives, eliminating the need for on-site mixing. Ready mix plastering is designed for efficiency, offering a consistent mix that ensures a uniform application. It is recognized for its ease of use, making it suitable for a wide range of construction projects. Ready mix plastering is often favored for larger projects with tight timelines, where its time-saving benefits and simplified application process become significant advantages.

What is the differences/Comparison between Normal Plastering and Ready Mix Plastering: 

Feature	Normal Plastering	Ready Mix Plastering
Mixing Process	Manual mixing on-site	Pre-mixed formulation
Application Time	Typically longer application time	Efficient and quicker application
Skill Requirements	Skilled labor required	Less skilled labor can be utilized
Flexibility and Customization	Flexible with on-site mix adjustments	Limited customization but consistent
Consistency and Quality	Variable consistency based on expertise	Consistent mix for uniform quality
Ease of Application	Requires skilled application	Relatively easier application
Suitability for Project Scale	Suited for smaller or intricate projects	Ideal for larger projects with tight timelines
Cost Considerations	May incur additional skilled labor costs	Potentially cost-effective due to time and labor savings

Cost comparisons between normal plastering and ready mix plastering can vary based on several factors, including the scale of the project, labor costs, material expenses, and application efficiency. It's important to note that while the cost of materials may differ, other aspects such as labor, time, and potential rework can significantly impact the overall expenses. Below is a general overview of the cost considerations for both normal plastering and ready mix plastering:

Normal Plastering:

1. Material Costs:
• Sand, Cement, and Water: The cost of raw materials can be relatively lower as they are typically purchased separately and mixed on-site.
• Additives: Depending on project specifications, additional additives may be required for better adhesion, strength, or water resistance.
2. Labor Costs:
• Skilled Labor: Normal plastering often requires skilled labor to ensure the correct mixing ratio, application technique, and a smooth finish. Skilled labor costs may be higher.
3. Time and Efficiency:
• Longer Application Time: Manual mixing and application may extend the project timeline, potentially increasing labor costs and delaying subsequent construction phases.
4. Customization:
• Flexibility: Normal plastering offers the flexibility to adjust the mix on-site, providing customization but potentially leading to variations in quality.

Ready Mix Plastering:

1. Material Costs:
• Ready Mix Plaster: The pre-mixed formulation can have a higher initial material cost compared to individually purchased components for normal plastering.
2. Labor Costs:
• Less Skilled Labor: Ready mix plastering is designed for easier application, which may reduce the need for highly skilled labor. However, labor costs can still be a significant factor.
3. Time and Efficiency:
• Quicker Application: Ready mix plastering is known for its efficiency, allowing for faster application and potentially reducing labor costs.
4. Consistency:
• Uniform Quality: The pre-mixed nature of ready mix plaster ensures a consistent mix, reducing the likelihood of errors and rework, which can contribute to overall cost savings.

Considerations for Cost Comparison:

1. Project Scale:
• Larger projects may benefit from the efficiency of ready mix plastering, potentially offsetting higher material costs with labor and time savings.
2. Labor Availability:
• If skilled labor is readily available and the project allows for manual mixing, normal plastering may be a cost-effective choice.
3. Timeline:
• Projects with tight timelines may find ready mix plastering more cost-efficient due to quicker application and reduced labor hours.
4. Customization Needs:
• If a high level of customization is required, normal plastering may be preferred despite potential increases in labor and material costs.

Let me know your views on this subject in the below comment section...

Why Civil engineer should study AutoCAD software?

 

annayya.chandrashekar.blogspot.com explains:

AutoCAD, the computer-aided design (CAD) software, was first released in December 1982 by Autodesk, Inc. Autodesk was founded in 1982 by John Walker and 12 other co-founders.

Civil engineers can benefit significantly from studying AutoCAD (Computer-Aided Design) software for several reasons:

1. Design and Drafting Efficiency:
• AutoCAD allows civil engineers to create detailed and accurate 2D and 3D drawings of structures, plans, and layouts. This enhances the efficiency of design and drafting processes, reducing the time required to produce precise and professional drawings.
2. Visualization and Simulation:
• AutoCAD enables engineers to visualize their designs in a three-dimensional space, providing a better understanding of how components fit together and how the final structure will appear. This can aid in identifying potential design flaws or improvements before construction begins.
3. Precision and Accuracy:
• AutoCAD allows engineers to work with a high level of precision and accuracy. Measurements, dimensions, and annotations can be added to drawings, ensuring that construction teams can interpret the plans correctly and build structures to the specified standards.
4. Collaboration and Communication:
• AutoCAD facilitates collaboration among members of a project team. Engineers, architects, and other stakeholders can work on the same drawing simultaneously, share files easily, and communicate effectively through the software. This helps in streamlining the design and construction processes.
5. Documentation and Record-Keeping:
• AutoCAD provides a comprehensive platform for documentation. Engineers can create detailed drawings that serve as essential records throughout the project lifecycle. This documentation is valuable for regulatory compliance, quality control, and future reference.
6. Integration with Other Software:
• AutoCAD can be integrated with various other engineering software tools, such as structural analysis programs or project management software. This integration enhances the overall design and project management capabilities of civil engineers.
7. Adaptation to Industry Standards:
• AutoCAD is widely used in the engineering and construction industry. Learning AutoCAD ensures that civil engineers are well-versed in a tool that is often considered a standard in the field. This familiarity can be beneficial when collaborating with other professionals or transitioning between projects and organizations.
8. Cost Savings:
• Using AutoCAD in the design process can contribute to cost savings by minimizing errors and design flaws early in the project. This, in turn, helps avoid costly modifications during construction.

Studying AutoCAD software equips civil engineers with a versatile and powerful tool that enhances efficiency, precision, collaboration, and communication throughout the design and construction processes. It has become an integral part of modern engineering workflows and is essential for staying competitive in the field.

 

AutoCAD is commonly used in various subjects within civil engineering, where it plays a crucial role in design, drafting, and visualization. Some of the key subjects in civil engineering where AutoCAD is frequently employed include:

1. Structural Analysis and Design:
• Engineers can design and analyse the structural components of buildings, bridges, and other infrastructure projects using AutoCAD.
2. Transportation Engineering:
• AutoCAD aids in the planning and design of transportation systems, including roads, highways, and railways/metro. It helps engineers create alignment drawings, cross-sections, and other detailed plans.
3. Geotechnical Engineering:
• AutoCAD is used to create geological and geotechnical drawings. This includes site plans, foundation details, and other aspects related to soil mechanics and foundation engineering.
4. Environmental Engineering:
• AutoCAD can be employed in environmental engineering for designing and planning environmental control systems, water treatment plants, and other infrastructure projects with environmental considerations.
5. Irrigation & Wastewater management Engineering:
• AutoCAD is used to design and draft water-related projects such as dams, reservoirs, water distribution systems, and sewage treatment plants.
6. Construction Management:
• AutoCAD is valuable in construction management courses for creating construction drawings, project schedules, and site plans. It aids in visualizing the construction process and coordinating various activities.
7. Urban Planning and Design:
• AutoCAD is used in urban planning courses for designing city layouts, zoning plans, and other elements of urban infrastructure. It helps in creating detailed site plans for new developments.
8. Surveying and Mapping:
• AutoCAD is employed in surveying courses to create accurate survey maps, land parcels, and contour maps. It assists in visualizing and interpreting survey data.
9. Material Take Off – Quantity surveying:
• AutoCAD helps to get the in details Material Take Off / BOQ and arrives at the final cost of the project.

In these subjects, AutoCAD serves as a versatile tool for creating detailed drawings, visualizing designs in 3D, and facilitating effective communication within project teams. Learning AutoCAD is considered essential for civil engineering students to prepare them for the practical aspects of their profession.

Revit, (meaning Revise Instantly) another product of Autodesk, Inc., was first released in 2000. Revit was developed by Charles River Software, a company founded by Irwin Jungreis and Leonid Raiz, and later acquired by Autodesk in 2002. 

Comparison between AutoCAD and Revit:

Feature	AutoCAD	Revit
Purpose	2D drafting and 3D modeling	Building Information Modeling (BIM)
Modeling Approach	Traditional 3D modeling with lines and shapes	Parametric modeling with intelligent components
Integration	Compatible with various file formats	Emphasizes collaboration and coordination
Data and Information	Primarily graphical, limited data	Information-rich modeling with parameters
Phases of a Project	Early stages, conceptual design, drafting	Entire lifecycle, from conceptual design to facility management
Learning Curve	Generally easier to learn	Steeper learning curve due to BIM orientation
Industry Adoption	Widely used across engineering disciplines	Commonly used in architecture and building design
Collaboration	Collaboration possible, but less integrated	Real-time collaboration with multiple disciplines
Update Consistency	Manual updating of changes in various views	Automatic updates across all related components
File Interoperability	Versatile for exporting/importing files	BIM-oriented, may require specific formats for collaboration
Cost Estimation	Limited capabilities for cost estimation	Supports cost estimation through model data

 

Keep in mind that the choice between AutoCAD and Revit often depends on the specific needs of a project, the preferences of the design and engineering team, and the project's complexity. Many professionals use both tools in their workflows for different purposes within a project.

annayyachandrashekar.blogspot.com requests you to update your views/points/experience in the below comment section…