What is hollow sound:
When tile / stone hit, if the sound heard was high-pitched sound, then it the tile stone were bonded good. If you hear a lower-pitched sound, then there is gap between the stone to adhesive OR adhesive to substrate and this is called hollow sound.
How to test the hollowness?
> Coin hit test.
> Steel ball bearing hit test.
> Metallic chain beat test.
> Metallic chain beat test. (It may break your tile/stones)
> Adjustable Hollowing Hammer Test Drumstick
Why hollowness occurs?
Why hollowness occurs?
> Un-sound substrate.
> Improper surface preparation.
> Inadequate thickness of the adhesive.
> Contaminants at back of tile / stones.
> Installation of tile/stone on the finished open time adhesive, i.e., skin formed adhesive.
> No twisting action at the time of installation of tile/stone.
> Substrate deflection, vibration, movement.
> Installation of tile / stone on movement / expansion joints.
Hollow sound is good when tile / stone were installed on:
> a less-dense substrate material, for example, wood versus concrete
> a substrate or configuration that has open (hollow) spaces, for example, a wood-framed floor or steel-framed wall
> an installation substrate or component with intentional voids – for example, some uncoupling membranes and hollow-core concrete slabs.
> In spot bonding method at wall area.
Many thanks to Google.com, Doc89.com, CNA Handbook,
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