Indian festival - Netaji jayanti

Subhas Chandra Bose,

There are many forgotten army, groups, heroes and statements…. But today, everyone remembers “Give Me Blood And I Will Give You Freedom”

“Freedom is not given - it is taken”

“It is only on the basis of undiluted Nationalism and of perfect justice and impartiality that the Indian Army of Liberation can be built up”

“The secret of political bargaining is to look more strong than what you really are“

“No real change in history has ever been achieved by discussions“

“One individual may die for an idea, but that idea will, after his death, incarnate itself in a thousand lives”

“When we stand, the Azad Hind Fauz has to be like a wall of granite; when we march, the Azad Hind Fauz has to be like a steamroller”

“It is our duty to pay for our liberty with our own blood. The freedom that we shall win through our sacrifice and exertions, we shall be able to preserve with our own strength”

                             

                            ……. Who said these?

A person born on 23rd of January 1897 at Cuttack, Bengal Presidency, British India (present-day Odisha, India), to Mother Prabhavati Dutt and Father, Janakinath Bose; named as Subhas Chandra Bose, who married Emilie Schenkl and got daughter by name Anita Bose Pfaff, who     finished B.A., Philosophy, in 1919 from The University of Calcutta and B.A. Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos, in 1921 from The University of Cambridge, we Indians celebrate, we Indians celebrate 23^rd of January as Indian festivals - Netaji jayanti. You want to know why?

Netaji (Respected Leader), first applied in early 1942 to Subhas Chandra Bose in Germany by the Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion and then by the German and then by Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin, was later used throughout India. Subhas Chandra Bose had been at Indian National Congress and he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences with Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress high command. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.

Subhas Chandra Bose chosen the way to fight with British to free INDIA by fighting with ARMED way showing strength and courage and temperament. Subhas Chandra Bose become more wanted person to British as most dynamic, influencing leader, respected / regarded by almost all sections / community in India.

He wrote “The Indian Struggle”, 1920–1934 and pleaded India’s cause with European leaders. He returned from Europe in 1936, was again taken into custody, and was released after year. In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. Later, he was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940. Subhas Chandra Bose went to Germany in April 1941.

In Nazi Germany Subhas Chandra Bose came under the tutelage of a newly created Special Bureau for India, guided by Adam von Trott zu Solz. He and other Indians who had gathered in Berlin made regular broadcasts from the German-sponsored Azad Hind Radio beginning in January 1942, speaking in English, Hindi, Bengali, Tamil, Telugu, Gujarati, and Pashto. A little more than a year after the Japanese invasion of Southeast Asia, Bose left Germany, travelled to Japan and formed a trained army of about 40,000 troops in Japanese-occupied Southeast Asia, proclaimed the establishment of a provisional independent Indian government, and his so-called Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) reaching Indian soil on March 18, 1944….. But in a stubborn battle, the mixed Indian and Japanese forces, lacking Japanese air support, were defeated and forced to retreat; the Indian National Army nevertheless for some time succeeded in maintaining its identity as a liberation army, based in Burma and then Indochina. With the defeat of Japan, however, Bose’s fortunes ended. A few days after Japan’s announced surrender in August 1945, Bose, fleeing Southeast Asia, reportedly died in a Japanese hospital in Taiwan as a result of burn injuries from a plane crash.

There are something which is under doubt, wish to read: http://unmistaken1.com/the-secret-life-of-subhash-chandra-bose-after-death/

Netaji was highly influenced by Bhagavad-Gita.  Even today if we remember him, may be because of his speeches, which are even holds good for today generation. I love the statement “DO OR DIE, but NEVER GIVE UP”.

Word Netaji, is not only known in India but it is very famous in Japan till date.

The name of Kolkata Airport is Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport.

Island of Andamn & Nicobar has been rename as from Ross Island to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island, Havelock Island will be known as Swaraj Dweep and Neil Island will be called Shaheed Dweep.

The Subhas Chandra Bose statue located in Shyambazar five point crossing is one of the most important statues and landmarks in Kolkata. There are many statues of him not only in India, not only in the world …… but in every heart of ours……….

Thanks to google, from where the data has been collected.

Factors affecting the coverage of Tile adhesive / Stone adhesive

Following the few reasons for affecting the coverage of the Tile adhesive / Stone adhesive:

1.      Mixing method

2.      Water / liquid mixing ratio

3.      Application method

4.      Trowel used for application

5.      Back buttering

6.      Roughness of the surface

7.      Surface regularities / undulations / level / plumbness

8.      Flatness of the tile / stone

9.      Wastage

10.   Misinterpretation on manufacturer’s coverage statement.

Let us discuss these points in brief:

1. Mixing method: If the adhesive mix is stiff, more will be the consumption. In the process of mixing, tile layer always takes the measured water and then adhesive will be added. If tile layer mixes adhesive manually, he will add more water and less adhesive as he will feel more the water mixing is easy. But this will not provide the good homogenous mix. So, it is strongly recommended to us mechanical way of mixing. I.e., use speed controllable drilling machine fixed with suitable mixing paddle as per manufacturer’s specification.

2.  Water / liquid mixing ratio: If the adhesive mix is stiff, more will be the consumption. Generally, cement based adhesive powder is mixed with water and resin-based adhesive’s filler will be mixed with resin + hardener. If the water / liquid used for mixing is less, then the adhesive will be stiff, and consumption will be high. Hence, it is strongly recommended to follow the manufacturer’s specification.

3.  Application method: Some tile layers use to apply adhesive using normal mason trowel and some by putty blade, only at back side of the tile/stone. It is wrong. Use steel notch trowel to apply adhesive on the substrate. In case, if necessary, then only apply adhesive at the back side of the tile/stone.

4.  Trowel used for application: There are mainly three types of trowel are available. Square (rectangular) notch trowel, U-Notch trowel and V-Notch trowel.

If the size of the notches is more, adhesive applied will be more, and when layer presses the tile/stone, adhesive squeezes out resulting the wastage of adhesive. Hence, use the proper shape and size of the trowel as recommended by manufacturer.

For more details on trowel used for adhesive application, refer to: https://annayyachandrashekar.blogspot.com/2017/11/notch-trowel-for-tile-adhesive.html

5.  Back buttering: Application of adhesive at back side of the tile/stone using trowel or using plane trowel is called as Back-Buttering. Un-necessary back buttering of adhesive will increase the consumption of the adhesive. Seek the technical advice of the manufacturer before proceeding for execution of work.

6.  Roughness of the surface: if the surface is rough, adhesive should be applied to it as skim coat using flat trowel to achieve 100% bonding. Some layers apply adhesive in one go using notch trowel, but it tends to fail because of bonding issues.

 

7.  Surface regularities / undulations / level / plumbness: Surface regularity is nothing but a measure of waviness. Undulation are also similar but at large span. Level is the measure of high / low with respect some fixed datum and plumbness is the measure the levelness of vertical surface like plastering or concrete wall or ply wood / metal used as walls. Since, it is fundamental requirement of the finished surface of tile/stone to be perfect with “0” Surface regularities / undulations / level / plumbness then all the falls should be filled with adhesive, then the consumption of adhesive will go high.

8.  Flatness of the tile / stone: Generally, tile flatness is combination of factors like, tile centre curvature, Edge curvature and Warpage which standards say shall be ±0.5%. If tile is out of this specification and tile adhesive is applied uniformly, it results in lippage and to avoid the lippage, tile layer will apply thicker adhesive and consumes more adhesive. Similarly, if the stone back side is not flat, this will also need more adhesive to installation.

9.   Wastage: Proper supervision and training shall be provided to tile layer and his team not to waste the adhesive. Few points are as follows:

a. Mix adhesive as much as required keeping the pot life as adhesive in mind.

b. Apply adhesive which can be tile/installed with stone within the open time of the adhesive.

c. Plan the mixing of adhesive at day end or time near to tea/lunch break.

d. Plan the installation and double check the tile pattern / size before the installation.

e. Install the level buttons before the installation.

10. Mis-interpretation on manufacturer’s coverage statement: Generally, all manufacturer mentions the coverage by applying the adhesive, as mentioend in the TDS using average ampount of water OR perfect quantity of resin and hardner, apply adhesive using mentioned trowel, on flat surface which is having less than +/- 3mm per 3 Mtr length. Keeping this in mind, we all engineers and QC team should work out the quantity of the adhsive.

Many thanks to Google, DOC, engineers.in, Doc69.com from where the details are taken.

Waterproofing Membranes Applied to Below-Grade Walls / Vertical Surfaces

Standard Guide for Performance Attributes of Waterproofing Membranes Applied to Below-Grade Walls / Vertical Surfaces (Enclosing Interior Spaces): ASTM D7832 / D7832M - 14

This standard classifies the membranes in to:

 The main requirement of the membrane is as follows:

Many thanks to google, 88dom, dan, engineers.com

How many construction chemical manufacturing companies you know???

Here is my list of 118: Add if you can……..

1 . Dai-ichi
2 . ADO ADDITIVES MFG PVT. LTD
3 . AIPL ZORRO
4 . Altret Industries Pvt. Ltd., Surat
5 . Amorphos Chemicals Pvt. Ltd, Vapi
6 . Applechemie
7 . Aquaproof Construction Chemical India Private Limited
9 . Associated Chemical
10 . Astra Chemtech Private Limited, Mumbai 
11 . ATPL Group, Delhi
12 . B&B Specialities (India) Pvt Ltd.Vijaywada
13 . BASF India
14 . BIRLA White
15 . Bondit Construction Chemicals
16 . BOSTIK
17 . BuildCore Chemicals
18 . Bulwark Chemicals
19 . Carbolink India
20 . CCI Chemicals
21 . Cera-Chem Private Limited
22 . Cetconindia
23 . ChemBond India,
24 . Chemex Chemicals
25 . Chemical Construction International
26 . Chemo India
27 . Chika
28 . Choksey Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
29 . Chowgule Construction Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
30 . CHRYSO
31 . CICO Technologies Limited
32 . Concrete Additives & Chemicals Pvt. Ltd
33 . Constro Chem India Pvt Ltd
34 . Construction Chemical – SNF (India), Visakhapatnam
35 . Construction Chemicals Corporation
36 . DCP (India)
37 . Don building chemicals
38 . Dow India – The Dow Chemical Company
39 . Durabuildcare
40 . Durotop Construction Chemicals (P) Ltd, Udupi, Karnataka
41 . ECMAS Construction Chemicals
42 . Engineer Plus
43 . Escon Chemical Company
44 . Fair Mate
45 . Fibrex Construction Chemicals, Faridabad
46 . Fine Finish
47 . Flowcrete India
48 . Fosroc
49 . Grace Davison Chemicals India Private Limited
50 . Greenshield India Construction Chemicals Private Limited
51 . Growel ( India) Ltd.
52 . Hilti India
53 . Himadri Chemicals & Industries
54 . Hindcon
55 . Indian Oxides and Chemicals Ltd.
56 . Jesons Industries limited
57 . JK CEMENT
58 . KAJARIA ADHESIVES
59 . Kamsons
60 . KEMIT CHEMICALS PRIVATE LIMITED
61 . KEMPEROL
62 . Kowa India Pvt.Ltd.
63 . Krishna COLOURS & CONSTCHEM PVT. LTD.
64 . KRYTON
65 . Lakshmi Construction Chemicals
66 . LRC
67 . Madhur Construction Chemical
68 . Manali Chemicals
69 . MAPEI adhesives sealants chemical products for construction
70 . Maxroth Chemicals
71 . Melzer Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.:
72 . Newton Engineering & Chemicals Ltd
73 . Nocil Limited
74 . Nushar India Future Tech Pvt. Ltd
75 . PAREXGROUP CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS PVT LTD
76 . Perma Construction Aids Private Limited
77 . Pidilite
78 . Polmann India Ltd.
79 . Polygel Technologies (India) Pvt Ltd
80 . Polygon Chemicals
81 . Premier Pigments And Chemicals
82 . Pure Chemicals Co
83 . Raja & Raja Group of Companies
84 . Rakshak Construction Chemicals
85 . RAMCO
86 . RAZON Construction Chemicals
87 . Red wop chemicals, Rajkot
88 . Resinova Chemie Ltd.
89 . Riddhichemical
90 . Rite Zone Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.
91 . ROFF CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS
92 . Ruia Chemicals
93 . Safex Chemicals India Ltd
94 . SAINT-GOBAIN INDIA PVT LTD - WEBER BUSINESS
95 . Sakshi Chem Sciences Pvt. Ltd.:
96 . Selsil Construction Chemicals‎
97 . SEMITRONE
98 . Sika India Private Limited
99 . Singhvi Chemicals Ltd.
100 . SKOF INDIA
101 . Solvay
102 . SOMNAY
103 . Speciality Chemicals
104 . Sterling Technotrade
105 . SUNANDA
106 . SVS Chemical
107 . Talrak
108 . Tata Chemicals
109 . Tech Dry India Pvt Ltd
110 . The Dharamsi Morarji Chemical Co. Ltd.
111 . Thermax
112 . Ultima Chemicals
113 . ULTRATECH ADHESIVE
114 . Vertex Chem
115 . Vijay Chemicals
116 . Visa Chemical Industries
117 . Viswaat Chemicals Limited
118 . Pyramid Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.

ASTM C 957

Here is the requirement of standard ASTM C 957: High-Solids Content, Cold Liquid-Applied ElastomericWaterproofing Membrane With Integral Wearing Surface

Many thanks to Google, 88.com, DAn.com.

Chemical resistance and stain resistance test- for tile & stones

IS 13630 (Part 8) standard is actual for ceramic tiles, but QC engineers are using this for many types of tiles & stones and also using the chemical or liquid which are suspected to drop. This can be performed at site level also. Let us see, how to do this test:

Chemical used for this test:

1. Stains

a) Methylene Blue, 10 g/l,

b) Potassium Permanganate Solution, 10 g/l.

2 Household Chemicals

a) Ammonium Chloride Solution, 100gil;

b) Standard cleaning agent solution, prepared from:

1) Anhydrous sodium 33 percent(m/m) carbonate

2) Sodium perborate 7 percent(mint)

3) Sodium silicate solution 7 percent(m/m) of density 1.33 g/cm3

4) Commercial sodium 30 percent(m/m) oleate soap flakes

5) Distilled water or 23 percent(m/m) de-ionized water

c) 100 g of this standard cleaning agent contains 70 g of dry substance. Use in a concentration of 109drysubstance per litre. The test solution shall be prepared immediately before use.

3 Swimming Pool Salts

a) Sodium hypochlorite solution 20 mg/l, prepared from technical grade hypochlorite with about 13 percent active chlorine.

b) Copper sulphate solution, 20 mg/l.

4 Acids

a) Hydrochloric Acid Solution, 3 percent (v/v) prepared from concentrated sulphuric acid (d~ 1.19); and

b) Citric Acid Solution, 100gil.

5 Alkali

a)       Potassium hydroxide solution200 g/l.

Pencil Test

Draw several lines with an HB pencil surface of tile & stone, wipe it and observe for it’s stain.

3 PRINCIPLES of testing

     A.      For testing the resistance to staining, the test solutions can be drop on dry tile & stone approximately 30 mm diameter, allow it for 24 Hrs, clean it and then the test surfaces are inspected for visual changes.

    B.      For testing the resistance to house hold chemicals, swimming pool salts and citric acid, wait for 6 hrs and then inspected for visual changes.  Pour the test solution through the inlet to a height of 20 ± I mm maintain the test assembly.

    C.      For testing the resistance to hydrochloric acid and potassium hydroxide the procedure is similar except that the period of test is 7 days

Classification of result:

Means, AA = no visible effect, A = slight change in appearance, B = a definite change in appearance, C = partial loss of the original surface, and D = total loss of the original surface.

For the resistance of stain:

If it is required to test the sealers, apply the sealer coat as per manufacturer specifications and test it.

Many thanks to google.com, 3434doc.com, archive99.in from where the details are taken.

What is the difference between Water-proofing & Damp-Proofing membrane?

The main function of both coating / membrane / system is minimizing the travel of water through a substance. But there is some difference is there as discussed below.

Waterproofing is a treatment of a surface or structure to prevent the passage of water under hydrostatic pressure. This system may be placed on the positive or negative side. Damp-proofing is a treatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in the absence of hydrostatic pressure. …As per American Concrete Institute (ACI 515.1).

Another definition of damp-proofing given in ACI Special   Publication 192    is:

"Treatment of concrete or mortar to retard the passage or absorption of water, or water vapor, either by application of a suitable coating to exposed surfaces, or by use of a suitable admixture or treated cement." As these definitions indicate, damp-proofing will only reduce the rate of transmission of water through concrete.

Positive side - the system is placed on the same side as the applied hydrostatic pressure and negative side - systems are placed on the side opposite to the applied hydrostatic pressure.

When waterproofing is used?

 Ø  Waterproofing is normally used to prevent leakage of water into, through, or out of concrete under hydrostatic pressure.  

 Ø  If freezing and thawing conditions exist, as in above-grade applications or if the water is carrying aggressive chemicals which attack reinforcing steel or concrete, then the waterproofing barrier will be used to prevent leakage into the concrete.

 Ø  If a dry surface is required for applying coatings, then waterproofing could be used to prevent moisture from leaving the concrete.  

 Ø  Waterproofing is also used to minimize unsightly carbonates or efflorescence. IRC (The International Residential Code) says, Waterproofing is required only in areas where a high water table or other severe soil-water conditions are known to exist.

When damp-proofing is used?

 Ø  A damp-proofing barrier system is used to perform the same functions as a waterproofing system but cannot be used to protect against water under pressure.

 Ø  A drainage system may be required to prevent the development of a head of water. Damp-proofing is a low-cost system because the material thickness is relatively low and minimum surface preparation is required.

 Ø  A damp-proofing barrier system   will   minimize water vapor transmission through concrete if the concrete will not be subjected to a continuous or even an intermittent head of water.

 Ø  IRC (The International Residential Code) says that any concrete or masonry foundation walls that retain earth and enclosed interior spaces and floors below grade shall be damp proofed from the top of the footing to the finished grade.

Many thanks to www.google.com, don3.com, etc from where the details are taken.